Showing posts with label japan tsunami. Show all posts
Showing posts with label japan tsunami. Show all posts

Tips: Where to Go During an Earthquake

Where to Go During an Earthquake
Remember that stuff about hiding under a table or standing in a doorway? Well, forget it! This is a real eye opener. It could save your life someday.

EXTRACT FROM DOUG COPP'S ARTICLE ON 'THE TRIANGLE OF LIFE'


My name is Doug Copp. I am the Rescue Chief and Disaster Manager of the American Rescue Team International (ARTI ), the world's most experienced rescue team. The information in this article will save lives in an earthquake.


I have crawled inside 875 collapsed buildings, worked with rescue teams from 60 countries, founded rescue teams in several countries, and I am a member of many rescue teams from many countries. I was the United Nations expert in Disaster Mitigation for two years, and have worked at every major disaster in the world since 1985, except for simultaneous disasters.


The first building I ever crawled inside of was a school in Mexico City during the 1985 earthquake. Every child was under its desk. Every child was crushed to the thickness of their bones. They could have survived by lying down next to their desks in the aisles. It was obscene -- unnecessary.


Simply stated, when buildings collapse, the weight of the ceilings falling upon the objects or furniture inside crushes these objects, leaving a space or void next to them - NOT under them. This space is what I call the 'triangle of life'. The larger the object, the stronger, the less it will compact. The less the object compacts, the larger the void, the greater the probability that the person who is using this void for safety will not be injured. The next time you watch collapsed buildings, on television, count the 'triangles' you see formed. They are everywhere. It is the most common shape, you will see, in a collapsed building.

 

TIPS FOR EARTHQUAKE SAFETY
1) Most everyone who simply 'ducks and covers' when building collapse are crushed to death. People who get under objects, like desks or cars, are crushed.

2) Cats, dogs and babies often naturally curl up in the fetal position. You should too in an earthquake. It is a natural safety/survival instinct. You can survive in a smaller void. Get next to an object, next to a sofa, next to a bed, next to a large bulky object that will compress slightly but leave a void next to it.


3) Wooden buildings are the safest type of construction to be in during an earthquake. Wood is flexible and moves with the force of the earthquake. If the wooden building does collapse, large survival voids are created. Also, the wooden building has less concentrated, crushing weight. Brick buildings will break into individual bricks. Bricks will cause many injuries but less squashed bodies than concrete slabs.


4) If you are in bed during the night and an earthquake occurs, simply roll off the bed. A safe void will exist around the bed. Hotels can achieve a much greater survival rate in earthquakes, simply by posting a sign on the back of the door of every room telling occupants to lie down on the floor, next to the bottom of the bed during an earthquake.


5) If an earthquake happens and you cannot easily escape by getting out the door or window, then lie down and curl up in the fetal position next to a sofa, or large chair.


6) Most everyone who gets under a doorway when buildings collapse is killed. How? If you stand under a doorway and the doorjamb falls forward or backward you will be crushed by the ceiling above. If the door jam falls sideways you will be cut in half by the doorway. In either case, you will be killed!


7) Never go to the stairs. The stairs have a different 'moment of frequency' (they swing separately from the main part of the building). The stairs and remainder of the building continuously bump into each other until structural failure of the stairs takes place. The people who get on stairs before they fail are chopped up by the stair treads - horribly mutilated. Even if the building doesn't collapse, stay away from the stairs. The stairs are a likely part of the building to be damaged. Even if the stairs are not collapsed by the earthquake, they may collapse later when overloaded by fleeing people. They should always be checked for safety, even when the rest of the building is not damaged.


8) Get near the outer walls of buildings or outside of them if possible - It is much better to be near the outside of the building rather than the interior. The farther inside you are from the outside perimeter of the building the greater the probability that your escape route will be blocked.


9) People inside of their vehicles are crushed when the road above falls in an earthquake and crushes their vehicles; which is exactly what happened with the slabs between the decks of the Nimitz Freeway. The victims of the San Francisco earthquake all stayed inside of their vehicles. They were all killed. They could have easily survived by getting out and sitting or lying next to their vehicles. Everyone killed would have survived if they had been able to get out of their cars and sit or lie next to them. All the crushed cars had voids 3 feet high next to them, except for the cars that had columns fall directly across them.


10) I discovered, while crawling inside of collapsed newspaper offices and other offices with a lot of paper, that paper does not compact. Large voids are found surrounding stacks of paper.

Spread the word and save someone's life...


The entire world is experiencing natural calamities so be prepared!


'We are but angels with one wing, it takes two to fly'

In 1996 we made a film, which proved my survival methodology to be correct. The Turkish Federal Government, City of Istanbul , University of Istanbul Case Productions and ARTI cooperated to film this practical, scientific test. We collapsed a school and a home with 20 mannequins inside. Ten mannequins did 'duck and cover,' and ten mannequins I used in my 'triangle of life' survival method. After the simulated earthquake collapse we crawled through the rubble and entered the building to film and document the results. The film, in which I practiced my survival techniques under directly observable, scientific conditions , relevant to building collapse, showed there would have been zero percent survival for those doing duck and cover.

There would likely have been 100 percent survivability for people using my method of the 'triangle of life.' This film has been seen by millions of viewers on television in Turkey and the rest of Europe, and it was seen in the USA , Canada and Latin America on the TV program Real TV.




Subject: Save your life with "The Triangle of Life"


"Triangle of Life":


Without listening or reading, simply by looking at the following self-explanatory photos, you can learn more than in a thousand words about how to protect yourself during a major earthquake...





If you are inside a vehicle, come out and sit or lie down next to it. If something falls on the vehicle, it will leave an empty space along the sides. See below:








Source
:國際救援小組(ARTI),網址:http://www.amerrescue.org/

American Rescue Team International
ARTIis said to be the World's most experienced rescue team and disaster management-mitigation organization.

Japanese emperor 'deeply worried'



Click to play
 


Prof Malcolm Sperrin, a medical physicist, on the Japan quake health risks
The Japanese authorities say radiation levels from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant climbed to potentially harmful levels for a brief interval on Tuesday.
Residents living within 30km (18 miles) of the plant have been advised to leave the area, or to stay indoors, and try to make their homes airtight.
Experts have stressed that swift action should be able to minimise any impact on human health.

What are the immediate health effects of exposure to radiation?
Exposure to moderate levels of radiation - above one gray - can result in radiation sickness, which produces a range of symptoms.
Nausea and vomiting often begin within hours of exposure, followed by diarrhoea, headaches and fever.
After the first round of symptoms, there may be a brief period with no apparent illness, but this may be followed within weeks by new, more serious symptoms.
At higher levels of radiation, all of these symptoms may be immediately apparent, along with widespread - and potentially fatal - damage to internal organs.
Exposure to a radiation dose of four gray will typically kill about half of all healthy adults.
For comparison, radiation therapy for cancer typically involves several doses of between one and seven gray at a time - but these doses are highly controlled, and usually specifically targeted at small areas of the body.


 How is radiation sickness treated?
The first thing to do is to try to minimise further contamination by removing clothes and shoes, and gently washing the skin with soap and water.
Drugs are available that increase white blood-cell production to counter any damage that may have occurred to the bone marrow, and to reduce the risk of further infections due to immune-system damage.
There are also specific drugs that can help to reduce the damage to internal organs caused by radioactive particles.

How does radiation have an impact on health?
Radioactive materials that decay spontaneously produce ionising radiation, which has the capacity to cause significant damage to the body's internal chemistry, breaking the chemical bonds between the atoms and molecules that make up our tissues. The body responds by trying to repair this damage, but sometimes it is too severe or widespread to make repair possible. There is also a danger of mistakes in the natural repair process.
Regions of the body that are most vulnerable to radiation damage include the cells lining the intestine and stomach, and the blood-cell producing cells in the bone marrow.
The extent of the damage caused is dependent on how long people are exposed to radiation, and at what level.

What are the most likely long-term health effects?
Cancer is the biggest long-term risk. Usually when the body's cells reach their "sell-by date" they commit suicide. Cancer results when cells lose this ability, and effectively become immortal, continuing to divide and divide in an uncontrolled fashion.
The body has various processes for ensuring that cells do not become cancerous, and for replacing damaged tissue.
But the damage caused by exposure to radiation can completely disrupt these control processes, making it much more likely that cancer will result.
Failure to properly repair the damage caused by radiation can also result in changes - or mutations - to the body's genetic material, which are not only associated with cancer, but may also be potentially passed down to offspring, leading to deformities in future generations. These can include smaller head or brain size, poorly formed eyes, slow growth and severe learning difficulties.

Are children at greater risk?
Potentially yes. Because they are growing more rapidly, more cells are dividing, and so the potential for things to go wrong is greater. Following the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident in the Ukraine in 1986, the World Health Organization recorded a dramatic increase in thyroid cancer among children in the vicinity.
This was because the radioactive materials released during the accident contained high levels of radioactive iodine, a material that accumulates in the thyroid.

What risk does Fukushima pose currently?
The Japanese authorities have recorded a radiation level of up 400 millisieverts per hour at the nuclear plant itself. A sievert is essentially equivalent to a gray, but tends to be used to measure lower levels of radiation, and for assessing long-term risk, rather than the short-term acute impact of exposure.
Professor Richard Wakeford, an expert in radiation exposure at the University of Manchester, said exposure to a dose of 400 millisieverts was unlikely to cause radiation sickness - that would require a dose of around twice that level (one sievert/one gray). However, it could start to depress the production of blood cells in the bone marrow, and was likely to raise the lifetime risk of fatal cancer by 2-4%. Typically, a Japanese person has a lifetime risk of fatal cancer of 20-25%.

Prof Wakeford stressed only emergency workers at the plant were at risk of exposure to such a dose - but it was likely that they would only be exposed for short periods of time to minimise their risk.
The level of exposure for the general population, even those living close to the plant, was unlikely to be anywhere near as high.

How can the Japanese authorities minimise the cost to human health?
Prof Wakeford said that provided the Japanese authorities acted quickly, most of the general population should be spared significant health problems.
He said in those circumstances the only people likely to be at risk of serious health effects were nuclear workers at the plant or emergency workers exposed to high levels of radiation.
He said the top priority would be to evacuate people from the area and to make sure they did not eat contaminated food. The biggest risk was that radioactive iodine could get into their system, raising the risk of thyroid cancer.

To counter that risk, people - in particular children - could be given tablets containing stable iodine which would prevent the body absorbing the radioactive version.
The Japanese already have a lot of iodine in their natural diet, so that should help too.

How does Fukushima compare to Chernobyl?
Professor Gerry Thomas, who has studied the aftermath of the Chernobyl disaster, said: "It is very unlikely that this will turn into anything that resembles Chernobyl.
"In Chernobyl you had a steam explosion which exposed the reactor core, which meant you had a lot of radiation shooting up into the atmosphere."
Prof Thomas said although the Chernobyl disaster had led to a rise in thyroid cancer cases, the only people affected were those living in the immediate area of the explosion and who were young at the time.

Radiation & Cancer

nuclear posting di FB wall

kalau kerajaan malaysia (BN) nak buat loji nuklear wajib kita sokong supaya nanti kita boleh mati katak macam kat jepun

english.aljazeera.net
Authorities say another reactor at the quake-hit nuclear plant was in trouble after its cooling system also failed.

22 hours ago · · · Share

  • Aidil Fitri Afiqin likes this.

    • Mahmud Karim Harap harap yg mati org pas je
      22 hours ago ·

    • Azlyda Azman Huhuhu.. Org ada kte pn nk. Pas 2 kikis duit rakyat. Rakwat kopak. Pape kedana.

      '' Bio pape asal begayea yop! ''

      22 hours ago ·

    • Rahim Shukor aku harap biar semua mati...baru puas hati BN
      22 hours ago ·

    • Rahim Shukor baru masyuuukkkkkkk!!!!!!
      22 hours ago ·

    • Mahmud Karim Termasuk n ajis sekali
      22 hours ago ·

    • Azlyda Azman Mahmuuuuud karim..: mati org pas mati syahid.. Memperjuangkan islam..
      Allahuakbar.. Allahuakbar.. Allahuakbar..
      Hayyabil JIHAD..

      22 hours ago ·

    • Mahmud Karim Pas sesat mati pun ada kemungkinan sesat
      22 hours ago ·

    • Rahim Shukor takper mati macam mana pun takper yang penting bila dah buat reaktor nuklear tu BN masyuuukkkkkkkkkkkkkkk!!!!
      22 hours ago ·

    • Azlyda Azman Apa yg ko kate sesat wahai encik mahmud karim..
      22 hours ago ·

    • Mahmud Karim Berapa ramai penyokong pas yg masih bekerja kjaan dan makan pencen kjaan
      22 hours ago ·

    • Rahim Shukor kalau PR luluskan (PR yang masyuuuukkkkk!!!), kalau BN luluskan (BN yang masyuuuukkkkk!!!
      22 hours ago ·

    • Rahim Shukor MK: ini cerita nuklear bukan cerita pencen bro
      22 hours ago ·

    • Rahim Shukor bro salah forum
      22 hours ago ·

    • Mahmud Karim N ajis kata undi pas masuk syurga,bob lman kata masuk nak elak anak dia masuk neraka
      22 hours ago ·

    • Mahmud Karim Nuklear teknologi tinggi jika fikir negatif jadi lah negatif pembangkang selalu fikir secara songsang
      22 hours ago ·

    • Rahim Shukor macam jepun saya rasa tak fikir negatif pun sebab tu ada banyak reaktor nuklear disana...tapi.....
      22 hours ago ·

    • Rahim Shukor bro MK: saya berkecuali tak sokong mana2...heehehe
      22 hours ago ·

    • Mahmud Karim Apa situasi pun perlu positif baru boleh bjaya
      22 hours ago ·

    • Azlyda Azman Nama dah sedap dah.. Nama islam. Mahmud karim.. TAPI BODOH!
      22 hours ago ·

    • Mahmud Karim Aa nama kau pun sedap perkataan yg keluar tidak melambagkan seorg islam
      22 hours ago ·

    • Rahim Shukor biasanya penyokong yang fanatik bila pemimpin dia nak buat sesuatu perkara walaupun boleh memudaratkan dia akan tetap sokong tanpa berfikir secara rasional (sentiasa YES BOS)
      22 hours ago ·

    • Yaziz Yunus Saya sokong komen KP kita."Cooling system failed", apa maknanya secara teknikal? Setiap pepasangan nuklear mempunyai tatacara tindakbalas kecemasannya masing2 dan salah satu ialah tindakan yang perlu diambil bila terjadi insiden "loss of cooling".
      22 hours ago ·

    • Rahim Shukor sekarang ni diberitakan dari sumber dari jepun radiasi sudah merebak sejauh 25-30 kilometer
      22 hours ago ·

    • Rahim Shukor tuan YY: radiasi tu apa maksud sebenarnya?
      22 hours ago ·

    • Yaziz Yunus Radiasi itu sinaran dan ia hnaya merbahaya apabila melebihi sesuatu nilai. Untuk makluman RS, kita senantiasa terdedah kepada sinaran kosmik setiap saat dan masa tanpa kemudaratan.
      22 hours ago · · 1 personLoading...

    • Yaziz Yunus Diparas mana radiasi tu? Apakah diparas yang akan membahayakan kesihatan?
      22 hours ago ·

    • Wan Rahayu Zainudin En. Rahim...saya nak tanya, kjaan BN tak ada kata apa pun nak buat NUKLEAR yg en rahim dok sibuk suruh buat apa...pakai kopiah tp budi perkerti n bahasa tak melambangkaan cara en rahim perpakaian....
      22 hours ago ·

    • Rahim Shukor tuan YY: jika radiasi itu meningkat lebih 1000 kali ganda adakah ia merbahaya atau tidak?
      22 hours ago ·

    • Mahmud Karim Agaknya dah ramai org pas atau pkr dah pakar dlm bidang nuklear
      Salah seorg rs

      22 hours ago ·

    • Wan Rahayu Zainudin En.Rahim Klu pakatan pembangkang(Kalau memerintah) pulak nak buat loji NUKLEAR wajib ke kita sokong
      22 hours ago ·

    • Rahim Shukor rahayu: nanti saya dapatkan berita berkenaan
      22 hours ago ·

    • Rahim Shukor saya tak sokong tak kira samada BN atau PR
      22 hours ago ·

    • Yaziz Yunus RS: 1,000 kali ganda dari nilai apa? Berapa nilai dos dedahannya? microsievert, sievert? Dos tersebut juga mungkin dalam awan beradioaktif yang jauh tinggi di udara dan radiasi yang sampai pada manusia di bumi masih di bawah paras minima. Memang cerita begini amat sensasi tapi jangan kita terikut-ikut sangat....tenaga nuklear mungkin jadi penyelamat manusia di masa hadapan, walahualam.
      21 hours ago ·

    • Rahim Shukor tuan YY: adakah nuklear tidak merbahaya sama sekali ataupun tiada risiko?
      21 hours ago ·

    • Yaziz Yunus Mana ada teknologi yang tiada risiko? Pakai handphone pun orang kata boleh dapat kanser. Yang penting kita buat cost-benefit analysis dulu. Yang lebih banyak kebaikan dari keburukan mestilah kita pilih. 20-30 tahun kehadapan, nuklear power pada pandangan saya mempunyai lebih banyak kebaikan dari keburukan jika dilihat dari sumber tenaga seperti minyak, gas dan arang batu yang nampaknya semakin menurun simpananya.
      21 hours ago ·

    • Yaziz Yunus
      RS: saudara kata "kalau kerajaan malaysia (BN) nak buat loji nuklear wajib kita sokong supaya nanti kita boleh mati katak macam kat jepun"
      Jawapan: yang mati kat jepun tu kena tsunami bukan pasal radiasi. Sejak bertahun lamanya tenaga nuklea...r ujud, saya belum lagi melihat penduduk negara berikut yang mati macam katak sebab mereka punyai banyak logi nuklear - US, Peranchis, China, Jepun, Korea Selatan, pakistan, India, Argentina, Brazil, Canada.....See More

      21 hours ago · · 1 personLoading...

    • Rahim Shukor ada betul fakta tuan? Tidak pernah ada kematian disebabkan nuklear?
      21 hours ago ·

    • Rahim Shukor jika radiasi itu terkena pada manusia adakah ia bahaya atau tidak? adakah ia boleh menyebabkan kematian @ kecacatan?
      21 hours ago ·

    • Yaziz Yunus
      Saya nak tanya balik. Tak ade ke kematain disebabkan oleh kebakaran? Saya rasa beribu kali ganda orang mati terbakar dari disebabkan oleh logi nuklear. Jawapan saya untuk soalan asal sauadara, memang ada tapi balik semula seperti yang saya ...katakan di atas - buat perbandingan "cost benefit analysis" dulu.

      Ramai oarang mati kerana kemalangan jalanraya, jadi teknologi memudahkan perjalanan menggunakan kereta tak baik lah juga kan? Tapi kenapa ramai orang beli kereta mungkin termasuk saudara sendiri? Jawapnya adalah kerana kereta membawa lebih banyak kebaikan dari keburukan. Jadi orang boleh terima.
      See More

      21 hours ago ·

    • Yaziz Yunus Radiasi merbahaya tapi HANYA pada kadar dos yang tinggi. Bak saya katakan di atas, setiap hari kita didedahkan pada sinaran kosmik tapi tanpa sebarang kemudaratan pada tubuh badan kita. Api juga merbahaya jika tidak mampu dikawal dan haba panas yang dihasilkan menjadi terlalu tinggi hingga menyebabkan merebaknya menjadi kebakaran besar.
      21 hours ago ·

    • Rahim Shukor apakah tujuan kerajaan jepun memberi iodine kepada penduduk disekitar kawasan reaktor nuklear?
      20 hours ago ·

    • Yaziz Yunus Antara bahan radioaaktif yang terbebas dari kemalangan nuklear ialah bahan radioaktif iodine-137 yang mempunyai jangkahayat separuh sebanyak 8.5 hari. Selalunya iodine ini akan terkumpul di kelenjar thyroid jika dapat masuk kedalam badan. Bagi menghalang I-131 ini dari berkumpul, maka penduduk yang tinggal berhampiran diberikan iodine sehingga memenuhi keperluan maxima iodine pada kelenjar thyroid tersebut. Ini merupakan tindakan "preventine" terbaik.
      10 hours ago ·

    • Rahim Shukor adakah iodine diberi utk mengelakkan kematian?
      5 hours ago ·

    • Paksheikh Omar
      Oleh kerana ada yang suka berhujah, tenaga nuklear lebih banyak kebaikan dari keburukan, maka saya cadangkan semua negara di dunia dibenar membangunkan loji mereka sendiri jika mampu. Tak payah ada nuclear proliferation treaty. Ada berani? ...After all, rakyat mereka juga nak menikmati tenaga lebih murah bukan?

      Kita melihat IMPAK kemusnahan jika berlaku radiasi atomik, bukan melihat statistiks sembrono. Biar adil, guna statistiks utk banding dengan peer group dan common timeline sahaja, jangan kemalangan jraya pulak nak banding dgn kemalangan radiasi, itu childish sikapnya!
      See More

      5 hours ago · · 1 personYou like this.

    • Paksheikh Omar iodine mungkin juga utk detect presence of radiation in the body
      5 hours ago · · 1 personLoading...

    • Rahim Shukor saya bertanya pada yang anggap dirinya pakar dalam nuklear ini, tapi penerangan yang diberi tidak semestinya boleh diterima, kena ada pro n kontra (memang kebanyakan pakar2 yg pro kerajaan BN suka membandingkan sesuatu perkara dengan perkara yang tiada kena mengena dengan topik yang diutarakan) itu membuatkan fakta yg diberi pada pendapat saya tidak dapat diterima oleh logik akal
      4 hours ago · · 1 personLoading...